<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html lang="zh-Hant" xml:lang="zh-Hant" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><link href="../Styles/page_styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><link href="../Styles/stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><title>資治通鑑-卷第三・周紀三・愼靚王・赧王上</title><meta content="width=device-width initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/><script src="../Styles/main.js" type="text/javascript"></script></head><body><div id="text">
<h1><span class="section" id="title-1"><span data-head-description="" data-head-level="h2" data-head-title="周紀三">周紀三</span></span></h1>
<p class="" id="p0"><a class="gg-link" href="#p0" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="jiazhu">起重光赤奮若<span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（辛丑）</span>，盡昭陽大淵獻<span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（癸亥）</span>，凡二十有三年。</span></p>
<hr/>
<h5><span class="section" id="title-2"><span data-head-description="" data-head-level="h3" data-head-title="愼靚王">愼靚王</span></span></h5>
<p class="" id="p1"><a class="gg-link" href="#p1" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="jiazhu">諱定，顯王之子也。此複諡也。以<span class="shu-ming">諡法</span>言之，<span class="shu-ming">諡法</span>：敏以敬曰愼；柔德安衆曰靖。靚，疾正翻。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0320"><p class="strong" id="p2"><a class="gg-link" href="#p2" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-3"><span data-head-description="愼靚王" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="元年">元年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（辛丑、前三二○年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p3"><a class="gg-link" href="#p3" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>衞更貶號曰君。<span class="jiazhu">顯王二十三年，衞已貶號曰侯；介於秦、魏之間，國日以削弱，因更貶其號曰君。更，居孟翻。貶，悲檢翻。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0319"><p class="strong" id="p4"><a class="gg-link" href="#p4" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-4"><span data-head-description="愼靚王" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="二年">二年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（壬寅、前三一九年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p5"><a class="gg-link" href="#p5" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦伐韓，取鄢。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">春秋</span><span class="yinhao">「晉敗楚師于鄢陵」</span>，卽此鄢也。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>作<span class="yinhao">「傿陵」</span>，屬潁川郡。鄢，音謁晚翻，又於建翻；師古音偃。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：許州鄢陵縣西北十五里有鄢陵古城。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p6"><a class="gg-link" href="#p6" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>魏惠王薨，子襄王立。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：<span class="shu-ming">系本</span>曰：襄王，名嗣。今按<span class="shu-ming">系本</span>卽<span class="shu-ming">世本</span>，司馬貞避唐諱，改<span class="yinhao">「世」</span>爲<span class="yinhao">「系」</span>。<span class="shu-ming">考異</span>曰：<span class="shu-ming">史記·魏世家</span>云：惠王三十六年卒，子襄王立。襄王十六年卒，子哀王立。哀王二十三年卒，子昭王立。<span class="shu-ming">六國表</span>，惠王元辛亥，終丙戌；襄王元丁亥，終壬寅；哀王元癸卯，終乙丑。按杜預<span class="shu-ming">春秋後序</span>云：太康初，汲縣有發舊冢者，大得古書，其<span class="shu-ming">紀年篇</span>起自夏、殷、周，皆三代王事，無諸國別也；惟特記晉國，起自殤叔，次文侯、昭侯，以至曲沃莊伯，皆用夏正，編年相次；晉國滅，獨記魏事，下至魏哀王之二十年：蓋魏國之史記也。哀王於<span class="shu-ming">史記</span>，襄王之子，惠王之孫也。<span class="shu-ming">古書紀年篇</span>，惠王三十六年改元，從一年始，至十六年而稱惠成王卒，卽惠王也；疑<span class="shu-ming">史記</span>誤分惠成之世以爲後王年也。哀王二十三年乃卒，故特不稱諡，謂之<span class="yinhao">「今王」</span>。裴駰<span class="shu-ming">魏世家註</span>引和嶠云：<span class="shu-ming">紀年</span>起自黃帝，終於魏之今王；今王者，魏惠成王子。按<span class="shu-ming">太史公書</span>，惠成王但言惠王，惠王子曰襄王，襄王子曰哀王。惠王三十六年卒，襄王立十六年卒，幷惠、襄爲五十二年。今按<span class="shu-ming">古文</span>惠成王立三十六年，改元，稱一年，改元後十七年卒。<span class="shu-ming">太史公書</span>爲誤分惠成之世以爲二王之年數也。<span class="shu-ming">世本</span>，惠王生襄王而無哀王，然則<span class="yinhao">「今王」</span>者，魏襄王也。彼旣魏史，所書魏事必得其眞，今從之。</span>孟子入見而出，語人曰：<span class="yinhao">「望之不似人君，就之而不見所畏焉。<span class="jiazhu">入見，賢遍翻。語，牛倨翻。</span>卒然問曰：『天下惡乎定？』<span class="jiazhu">卒，七沒翻。惡，音烏，何也。</span>吾對曰：『定于一。』『孰能一之？』<span class="jiazhu">此一語，魏襄王以問孟子。</span>對曰：『不嗜殺人者能一之。』『孰能與之？』<span class="jiazhu">此語亦襄王問。</span>對曰：『天下莫不與也。王知夫苗乎？<span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶。</span>七、八月之間旱，則苗槁矣。<span class="jiazhu">孟子此言，用周正也。周七、八月，夏五、六月也。槁，音考，乾枯也。夏，戶雅翻。乾，音干。</span>天油然作雲，沛然下雨，則苗浡然興之矣。<span class="jiazhu">油然，雲盛貌。沛然，雨盛貌。浡然，興起貌。沛，普蓋翻。浡，音勃。</span>其如是，孰能禦之！』」</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0318"><p class="strong" id="p7"><a class="gg-link" href="#p7" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-5"><span data-head-description="愼靚王" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="三年">三年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（癸卯、前三一八年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p8"><a class="gg-link" href="#p8" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>楚、趙、魏、韓、燕同伐秦，攻函谷關。<span class="jiazhu">燕，因肩翻，註已見上。宋白曰：函谷關在弘農。<span class="shu-ming">地理志註</span>云：謂道形如函，孫卿子所謂<span class="yinhao">「秦有松柏之塞」</span>是也。</span>秦人出兵逆之，五國之師皆敗走。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p9"><a class="gg-link" href="#p9" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>宋初稱王。</p>
<div class="yt" id="y0317"><p class="strong" id="p10"><a class="gg-link" href="#p10" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-6"><span data-head-description="愼靚王" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="四年">四年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（甲辰、前三一七年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p11"><a class="gg-link" href="#p11" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦敗韓師于脩魚，斬首八萬級，虜其將䱸、申差于濁澤。<span class="jiazhu">敗，補邁翻。<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：脩魚，地名。䱸、申差，二將名。索，山客翻。將，卽亮翻。䱸，音瘦，又疏鳩翻。<span class="yinhao">「濁澤」</span>，<span class="shu-ming">年表</span>作<span class="yinhao">「觀澤」</span>。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>，觀澤在魏州頓丘縣東十八里。</span>諸侯振恐。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p12"><a class="gg-link" href="#p12" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>齊大夫與蘇秦爭寵，使人刺秦，殺之。<span class="jiazhu">刺，七亦翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p13"><a class="gg-link" href="#p13" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>張儀說魏襄王曰：<span class="yinhao">「梁地方不至千里，卒不過三十萬，地四平，無名山大川之限，卒戍楚、韓、齊、趙之境，<span class="jiazhu">戍，舂遇翻；字從<span class="yinhao">「人」</span>，從<span class="yinhao">「戈」</span>，人荷戈，所以戍也。梁地南接楚，西接韓，東接齊，北接趙。</span>守亭、障者不過<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「過」作「下」；乙十一行本同；孔本同；張校同。〕</span>十萬，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">說文</span>：亭，民所安定也，道路所舍也。障，堡障也，隔也，塞也，所以隔塞敵人也。</span>梁之地勢固戰場也。夫諸侯之約從，盟於洹水之上，結爲兄弟以相堅也。<span class="jiazhu">事見上卷顯王二十六年。夫，音扶。從，子容翻。洹，于元翻。</span>今親兄弟同父母，尙有爭錢財相殺傷，而欲恃反覆蘇秦之餘謀，其不可成亦明矣。大王不事秦，秦下兵攻河外，據卷、衍、酸棗，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">後漢志</span>：卷縣屬河南郡，酸棗縣屬陳留郡。<span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：河水逕卷縣北，又東至酸棗、延津，二邑皆河津之要也。卷，逵員翻。衍，以善翻。</span>劫衞，取陽晉，則趙不南，趙不南則梁不北，梁不北則從道絕，從道絕則大王之國欲毋危不可得也。<span class="jiazhu">從道，謂約從之路也。從，子容翻。</span>故願大王審定計議，且賜骸骨。」</span><span class="jiazhu">人臣委身以事君，身非我之有矣，故於其乞退也，謂之乞骸骨。骸，戶皆翻。</span>魏王乃倍從約，<span class="jiazhu">倍，蒲妹翻。</span>而因儀以請成于秦。張儀歸，復相秦。<span class="jiazhu">儀罷秦相相魏，見上卷顯王四十七年。相，息亮翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p14"><a class="gg-link" href="#p14" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">4</span>魯景公薨，子平公旅立。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">諡法</span>：由義而濟曰景；布義行剛曰景。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0316"><p class="strong" id="p15"><a class="gg-link" href="#p15" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-7"><span data-head-description="愼靚王" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="五年">五年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（乙巳、前三一六年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p16"><a class="gg-link" href="#p16" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>巴、蜀相攻擊，<span class="jiazhu">巴，春秋巴子之國。蜀，蠶叢、魚鳧之後。<span class="shu-ming">華陽國志</span>曰：昔蜀王封其弟於漢中，號曰苴侯，因命其邑曰葭萌。苴侯與巴王爲好。後巴與蜀爲讎，蜀王怒，伐苴侯，苴侯奔巴。巴求救於秦，秦伐蜀，蜀王敗死。秦滅蜀，因遂滅巴、苴，置巴、蜀二郡。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：巴子城在合州石鏡縣南五里，故墊江縣也。宋白曰：巴子後理閬中。揚雄<span class="shu-ming">蜀本紀</span>曰：蜀王本治廣都樊鄕，徙居成都。華，戶化翻。苴，子余翻。葭，音家。萌，謨耕翻。墊，音疊。閬，音浪。</span>俱告急於秦。秦惠王欲伐蜀，以爲道險陿難至，<span class="jiazhu">陿，與狹同。<span class="shu-ming">漢書·趙充國傳註</span>：山陗而夾水曰陿。</span>而韓又來侵，猶豫未能決。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">說文</span>：猶，玃屬，居山中；聞人聲，豫登木，無人乃下。世謂不決曰猶豫。一說，隴西謂犬子爲猶，犬導人行，忽先忽後，故曰猶豫。又一說，猶豫，犬也，犬爲人行，好先行，卻住以俟其人，百步之間，如是者數四；先者，豫也，遂曰猶豫。猶，夷周翻，又余救翻。玃，厥縛翻。爲，于僞翻。好，呼到翻。</span>司馬錯請伐蜀。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記</span>：重、黎之後，至周宣王時爲程伯休父，爲司馬氏。錯，七各翻，又七故翻。重，直龍翻。父，音甫。</span>張儀曰：<span class="yinhao">「不如伐韓。」</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「請聞其說。」</span>儀曰：<span class="yinhao">「親魏，善楚，下兵三川，攻新城、宜陽，<span class="jiazhu">伊水、洛水、河水爲三川。秦後置三川郡，漢改爲河南郡。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，新城縣屬河南郡。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>：洛州伊闕縣本漢新城縣，在州南七十里。隋文帝改新城爲伊闕，取伊闕山爲名。</span>以臨二周之郊，<span class="jiazhu">周分爲東、西，故曰二周。</span>據九鼎，<span class="jiazhu">昔夏禹貢金九牧，鑄鼎象物，桀有昏德，鼎遷于商；商紂暴虐，鼎遷于周；成王定鼎于郟鄏，寶之，以爲三代共器。夏，戶雅翻。郟，音夾。鄏，音辱。</span>按圖籍，<span class="jiazhu">圖籍，謂天下之圖籍，<span class="shu-ming">周官</span>職方氏所掌是也。</span>挾天子以令於天下，天下莫敢不聽，此王業也。臣聞爭名者於朝，爭利者於市。今三川、周室，天下之朝市也，<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。<span class="shu-ming">周禮·大宗伯註</span>云：朝，猶朝也，欲其來之早也。人君昕旦親政貴早，聲轉爲朝。猶朝，陟遙翻。</span>而王不爭焉，顧爭於戎翟，去王業遠矣。」</span><span class="jiazhu">翟，與狄同。</span>司馬錯曰：<span class="yinhao">「不然。臣聞欲富國者務廣其地，欲強兵者務富其民，欲王者務博其德，<span class="jiazhu">欲王，于況翻，又如字。</span>三資者備而王隨之矣。今王地小民貧，故臣願先從事於易。<span class="jiazhu">易，弋豉翻。</span>夫蜀，西僻之國而戎翟之長也，<span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶。長，知丈翻。</span>有桀、紂之亂；以秦攻之，譬如使豺狼逐羣羊；<span class="jiazhu">豺，徂齋翻。</span>得其地足以廣國，取其財足以富民，繕兵不傷衆而彼已服焉。<span class="jiazhu">彼，謂蜀也。</span>拔一國而天下不以爲暴，利盡四<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「四」作「西」；乙十一行本同。〕</span>海而天下不以爲貪，是我一舉而名實附也，而又有禁暴止亂之名。今攻韓，劫天子，惡名也，而未必利也；又有不義之名，而攻天下所不欲，危矣。臣請論其故：周，天下之宗室也。<span class="jiazhu">周室爲天下所宗，故謂之宗室。</span>齊，韓之與國也。<span class="jiazhu">鄰國相親睦者，謂之與國。</span>周自知失九鼎，韓自知亡三川，將二國幷力合謀，以因乎齊、趙而求解乎楚、魏，<span class="jiazhu">幷，必正翻。求解者，先與之構怨隙而今求和解也。</span>以鼎與楚，以地與魏，王弗能止也。此臣之所謂危也。不如伐蜀完。」</span><span class="jiazhu">完，全也。言以兵伐蜀，十全必取也。</span>王從錯計，<span class="jiazhu">錯，七各翻，又七故翻。</span>起兵伐蜀；十月取之。<span class="jiazhu">取，言易也。易，弋豉翻。</span>貶蜀王，更號爲侯；<span class="jiazhu">貶，悲檢翻。更，工衡翻。</span>而使陳莊相蜀。<span class="jiazhu">相，息亮翻。</span>蜀旣屬秦，秦以益強，富厚，輕諸侯。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p17"><a class="gg-link" href="#p17" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>蘇秦旣死，<span class="jiazhu">三年，蘇秦死於齊。</span>秦弟代、厲亦以遊說顯於諸侯。<span class="jiazhu">說，式芮翻。</span>燕相子之與蘇代婚，欲得燕權。蘇代使於齊而還，<span class="jiazhu">燕，因肩翻。相，息亮翻。使，疏吏翻。還，從宣翻。</span>燕王噲問曰：<span class="yinhao">「齊王其霸乎？」</span><span class="jiazhu">噲，苦夬翻。</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「不能。」</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「何故？」</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「不信其臣。」</span>於是燕王專任子之。鹿毛壽謂燕王曰：<span class="jiazhu">劉伯莊曰：鹿毛壽，人姓名；又曰潘壽。<span class="shu-ming">春秋後語</span>作<span class="yinhao">「唐毛壽」</span>。徐廣曰：一作<span class="yinhao">「厝毛」</span>。如徐廣一作之說，當作<span class="yinhao">「厝」</span>。厝，音秦昔翻。清河有厝縣。</span><span class="yinhao">「人之謂堯賢者，以其能讓天下也。今王以國讓子之，是王與堯同名也。」</span>燕王因屬國於子之，<span class="jiazhu">屬，之欲翻，付也，託也。</span>子之大重。或曰：<span class="yinhao">「禹薦益而以啓人爲吏，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">孟子</span>曰：禹薦益於天，禹崩，天下之人不之益而之啓，曰：<span class="yinhao">「吾君之子也。」</span><span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：人，猶臣也。謂以啓臣爲益吏。索，山客翻。</span>及老而以啓爲不足任天下，<span class="jiazhu">任，音壬。</span>傳之於益。啓與交黨攻益，奪之，天下謂禹名傳天下於益而實令啓自取之。<span class="jiazhu">按或曰一段事，與<span class="shu-ming">師春紀</span>伊尹放太甲，潛出自桐，殺伊尹，事頗相類，古書雜記固多也。</span>今王言屬國於子之而吏無非太子人者，是名屬子之而實太子用事也。」</span>王因收印綬，自三百石吏已上而效之子之。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">後漢書·輿服志</span>曰：三王俗化雕文，詐僞漸生，始有印綬，以檢姦萌。<span class="shu-ming">周禮</span>掌節有璽節，鄭氏<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：今之印章也。綬，組綬。古者佩玉以綬貫之。漢承秦制，乘輿璽綬；諸王以下，印以金、銀、銅爲差，綬以赤、紫、青、黑、黃爲差。印，信也，刻文合信也。綬，受也，轉相授受也。三百石吏，銅印，黑綬或黃綬。<span class="shu-ming">王制</span>：諸侯大國之卿，食祿以田計之，爲三十二夫之入。戰國之卿，食祿萬鍾，其僭差不度甚矣。漢制：三公秩萬石，至於斗食佐吏，凡十六等。三百石吏，第十等，奉月四十斛。綬，音受。璽，斯氏翻。組，祖五翻。乘，繩證翻。奉，與俸同，音扶用翻。</span>子之南面行王事，而噲老，不聽政，顧爲臣，<span class="jiazhu">顧，反也。噲，苦夬翻。</span>國事皆決於子之。<span class="jiazhu">爲後燕亂張本。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0315"><p class="strong" id="p18"><a class="gg-link" href="#p18" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-8"><span data-head-description="愼靚王" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="六年">六年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（丙午、前三一五年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p19"><a class="gg-link" href="#p19" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>王崩，子赧王延立。</p>
<h5><span class="section" id="title-9"><span data-head-description="" data-head-level="h3" data-head-title="赧王上">赧王上</span></span></h5>
<p class="" id="p20"><a class="gg-link" href="#p20" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="jiazhu">劉伯莊曰：赧，慚之甚也。輕微危弱，寄住東、西，足爲慚赧，故號之曰赧；<span class="shu-ming">諡法</span>本無赧字也。赧，音奴版翻。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0314"><p class="strong" id="p21"><a class="gg-link" href="#p21" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-10"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="元年">元年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（丁未、前三一四年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p22"><a class="gg-link" href="#p22" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦人侵義渠，得二十五城。<span class="jiazhu">義渠，戎國名。按上卷顯王四十二年，秦縣義渠，以其君爲臣，是已得義渠矣。今又侵得二十五城，何也？蓋先此秦以義渠爲縣，君爲臣，雖臣屬於秦，義渠之國未滅也，秦稍蠶食侵其地。今得二十五城，義渠之國所餘無幾矣。蓋秦兼幷諸侯，不盡其國不止也。<span class="shu-ming">左傳</span>：有鐘鼓曰伐，無曰侵。<span class="shu-ming">穀梁傳</span>：苞人民、驅牛馬曰侵。斬樹木、壞宮室曰伐。無幾，居豈翻。傳，直戀翻。壞，音怪。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p23"><a class="gg-link" href="#p23" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>魏人叛秦。秦人伐魏，取曲沃而歸其人。又敗韓於岸門，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">續漢志</span>，潁川郡潁陰縣有岸亭。<span class="shu-ming">註</span>引徐廣云：岸亭，卽岸門。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>：岸門在今許州長社縣東北二十八里，今名長武亭。敗，補邁翻。</span>韓太子倉入質于秦以和。<span class="jiazhu">質，音致。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p24"><a class="gg-link" href="#p24" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>燕子之爲王三年，國內大亂。將軍市被與太子平謀攻子之。齊王令人謂太子曰：<span class="jiazhu">令，盧經翻。</span><span class="yinhao">「寡人聞太子將飭君臣之義，明父子之位，寡人之國<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「國」下有「雖小」二字；乙十一行本同；孔本同；退齋校同。〕</span>唯太子所以令之。」</span><span class="jiazhu">飭，整也，修也，治也。治，直之翻。飭君臣之義，言太子平將治子之僭王之罪也。明父子之位，言太子平當繼其父噲之位也。令，力政翻，命令也，號令也。</span>太子因要黨聚衆，<span class="jiazhu">要，一遙翻，要結也。</span>使市被攻子之，不克。市被反攻太子。搆難數月，<span class="jiazhu">難，乃旦翻。</span>死者數萬人，百姓恫恐。<span class="jiazhu">恫，它紅翻，痛也。</span>齊王令章子將五都之兵，因北地之衆以伐燕。<span class="jiazhu">將，卽亮翻，又音如字，領也。邑有先王之廟曰都。或曰：都，邑之大者。北地，齊之北境也，蓋漢千乘、清河、勃海之地。燕，因肩翻；下同。乘，繩證翻。</span>燕士卒不戰，城門不閉。齊人取子之，醢之，<span class="jiazhu">醢，呼改翻，肉醬也。</span>遂殺燕王噲。<span class="jiazhu">噲，苦夬翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p25"><a class="gg-link" href="#p25" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>齊王問孟子曰：<span class="yinhao">「或謂寡人勿取燕，或謂寡人取之。以萬乘之國伐萬乘之國，<span class="jiazhu">古者天子之地方千里，出兵車萬乘。七國兼幷以強大，於時皆爲萬乘之國。乘，繩證翻。</span>五旬而舉之，<span class="jiazhu">十日爲旬，五旬，五十日。</span>人力不至於此；不取，必有天殃。<span class="jiazhu">殃，咎也，禍也。</span>取之何如？」</span>孟子對曰：<span class="yinhao">「取之而燕民悅則取之，古之人有行之者，武王是也。取之而燕民不悅則勿取，古之人有行之者，文王是也。以萬乘之國伐萬乘之國，簞食壺漿以迎王師，<span class="jiazhu">簞，竹器也；圓曰簞，方曰笥。簞，音丹。食，祥吏翻，熟食也。漿，水也，酢漿也。笥，相吏翻。酢，倉故翻。</span>豈有他哉？避水火也。如水益深，如火益熱，亦運而已矣！」</span><span class="jiazhu">運，轉也。言燕之民將轉而之他國也。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p26"><a class="gg-link" href="#p26" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>諸侯將謀救燕。齊王謂孟子曰：<span class="yinhao">「諸侯多謀伐寡人者，何以待之？」</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「臣聞七十里爲政於天下者，湯是也；未聞以千里畏人者也。<span class="shu-ming">書</span>曰：『徯我后，后來其蘇。』<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">書·仲虺之誥</span>之辭。徯，戶禮翻，待也。后，君也。</span>今燕虐其民，王往而征之，民以爲將拯己於水火之中也，<span class="jiazhu">拯，上舉也，援也，救也，助也，音之凌翻。</span>簞食壺漿以迎王師。若殺其父兄，係累其子弟，<span class="jiazhu">趙岐曰：係累，縛結也。係，戶計翻。累，力追翻。</span>毀其宗廟，遷其重器。<span class="jiazhu">重器，國之寶鎭。</span>如之何其可也！天下固畏齊之強也，今又倍地<span class="jiazhu">齊幷燕則地倍其舊。燕，因肩翻。</span>而不行仁政，是動天下之兵也。王速出令，反其旄倪，<span class="jiazhu">令，力政翻。趙岐曰：旄，老旄；倪，弱小。陸德明曰：倪，謂翳倪小兒也。<span class="shu-ming">記·曲禮</span>曰：八十、九十曰耄，<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：耄，惛忘也。旄，讀曰耄。倪，五兮翻。翳，與繄同，音煙兮翻。</span>止其重器，謀於燕衆，置君而後去之，則猶可及止也。」</span>齊王不聽。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p27"><a class="gg-link" href="#p27" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>已而燕人叛。<span class="jiazhu">是時燕人雖未立太子平，固已相帥叛齊矣。</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「吾甚慚於孟子。」</span>陳賈曰：<span class="yinhao">「王無患焉。」</span>乃見孟子，曰：<span class="yinhao">「周公何人也？」</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「古聖人也。」</span>陳賈曰：<span class="yinhao">「周公使管叔監商，<span class="jiazhu">古殷、商通稱，商者，以始封爲國號，殷者，以都亳爲國號。按<span class="shu-ming">孟子</span>，陳賈只云<span class="yinhao">「監殷」</span>，今<span class="shu-ming">通鑑</span>云<span class="yinhao">「監商」</span>，避宋廟諱也。監，古銜翻。</span>管叔以商畔也。周公知其將畔而使之與？」</span><span class="jiazhu">畔，與叛同。與，讀曰歟；下同。</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「不知也。」</span>陳賈曰：<span class="yinhao">「然則聖人亦有過與？」</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「周公，弟也，管叔，兄也，周公之過不亦宜乎！且古之君子，過則改之；今之君子，過則順之。古之君子，其過也如日月之食，民皆見之；及其更也，<span class="jiazhu">更，工衡翻，更改。</span>民皆仰之。今之君子，豈徒順之，又從爲之辭！」</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p28"><a class="gg-link" href="#p28" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">4</span>是歲，齊宣王薨，子湣王地立。<span class="jiazhu">湣，讀曰閔。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0313"><p class="strong" id="p29"><a class="gg-link" href="#p29" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-11"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="二年">二年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（戊申、前三一三年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p30"><a class="gg-link" href="#p30" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦右更疾伐趙，<span class="jiazhu">右更，秦爵第十四。師古曰：左、右、中更，皆主領更卒而部其役使也。更，工衡翻。</span>拔藺，虜其將莊豹。<span class="jiazhu">莊姓有出於宋者，<span class="shu-ming">左傳</span>所謂戴、武、莊之族是也；有出於楚者，楚莊王之後，莊蹻是也。齊之莊暴，楚之莊辛，蒙之莊周，與此莊豹，其時適相先後，莫能審其所自出。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p31"><a class="gg-link" href="#p31" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦王欲伐齊，患齊、楚之從親，<span class="jiazhu">從，子容翻。</span>乃使張儀至楚，說楚王曰：<span class="yinhao">「大王誠能聽臣，閉關絕約於齊，<span class="jiazhu">說，式芮翻。閉關者，古之列國各置關尹，敵國賓至，關尹以告，則行理以節逆之。閉關則距絕其使，不爲通也。使，疏吏翻。</span>臣請獻商於之地六百里，使秦女得爲大王箕帚之妾，<span class="jiazhu">於，如字。箕帚之妾，猶言備灑掃也。帚，止酉翻，篲也。</span>秦、楚嫁女娶婦，長爲兄弟之國。」</span>楚王說而許之。<span class="jiazhu">說，讀曰悅。</span>羣臣皆賀，陳軫獨弔。<span class="jiazhu">陳姓出於舜，周武王封舜後於陳，子孫以國爲氏。</span>王怒曰：<span class="yinhao">「寡人不興師而得六百里地，何弔也？」</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「不然。以臣觀之，商於之地不可得而齊、秦合，齊、秦合則患必至矣。」</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「有說乎？」</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「夫秦之所以重楚者，以其有齊也。<span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶，發語辭。</span>今閉關絕約於齊則楚孤，秦奚貪夫孤國而與之商於之地六百里！張儀至秦，必負王。是王北絕齊交，西生患於秦也，<span class="jiazhu">楚東北接齊，西接秦。</span>兩國之兵必俱至。爲王計者，不若陰合而陽絕於齊，使人隨張儀，苟與吾地，絕齊未晚也。」</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「願陳子閉口，毋復言，以待寡人得地！」</span><span class="jiazhu">毋，音無，毋者，禁止之辭。復，扶又翻，再又也。</span>乃以相印授張儀，<span class="jiazhu">相，息亮翻。</span>厚賜之。遂閉關絕約於齊，使一將軍隨張儀至秦。<span class="jiazhu">班固<span class="shu-ming">百官表</span>：將軍，周末官，秦、漢因之。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p32"><a class="gg-link" href="#p32" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>張儀詳墮車，<span class="jiazhu">詳，讀曰佯，詐也。<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：乙十一行本正作「佯」。〕</span></span>不朝三月。<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。</span>楚王聞之，曰：<span class="yinhao">「儀以寡人絕齊未甚邪？」</span><span class="jiazhu">邪，余遮翻。邪，疑辭也。</span>乃使勇士宋遺借宋之符，北罵齊王。<span class="jiazhu">旣閉關絕約，則齊、楚之信使不通，故使宋遺借宋符以至齊。宋，姓也。周武王封微子於宋，子孫以國爲氏。</span>齊王大怒，折節以事秦，<span class="jiazhu">折，而設翻。</span>齊、秦之交合。<span class="jiazhu">儀歸而詐疾，待齊、秦之交合乃朝。</span>張儀乃朝，見楚使者曰：<span class="yinhao">「子何不受地？從某至某，廣袤六里。」</span><span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。使，疏吏翻。東西曰廣，南北曰袤。廣，古曠翻，又讀如字。袤，音茂。</span>使者怒，還報楚王。<span class="jiazhu">還，從宣翻，又音如字。</span>楚王大怒，欲發兵而攻秦。陳軫曰：<span class="yinhao">「軫可發口言乎？攻之不如因賂之以一名都，與之幷力<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「力」作「兵」；乙十一行本同；孔本同。〕</span>而攻齊，是我亡地於秦，取償於齊也。<span class="jiazhu">償，辰羊翻，報也。</span>今王已絕於齊而責欺於秦，是吾合齊、秦之交而來天下之兵也，國必大傷矣！」</span>楚王不聽，使屈匄帥師伐秦。<span class="jiazhu">屈，姓也，音九勿翻。匄，居大翻。帥，讀曰率。</span>秦亦發兵使庶長章擊之。<span class="jiazhu">長，知丈翻。按<span class="shu-ming">史記·樗里子傳</span>，庶長章，姓魏。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0312"><p class="strong" id="p33"><a class="gg-link" href="#p33" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-12"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="三年">三年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（己酉、前三一二年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p34"><a class="gg-link" href="#p34" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>春，秦師及楚戰于丹陽，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：此丹陽在漢中。劉昭曰：南郡枝江縣有丹陽聚，卽秦破楚處。李𡌴<span class="shu-ming">輿地紀勝</span>曰：丹陽在今歸州秭歸縣東八里屈沱楚王城是也。余按楚遣屈匄伐秦，秦發兵逆擊之，枝江之丹陽則距郢逼近，秭歸之丹陽則不當秦、楚之路。<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>因下文遂取漢中，卽謂丹陽在漢中，皆非也。此丹陽謂丹水之陽。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>：丹水出上洛冢嶺山，東至析入鈞水，其水蓋在弘農丹水、析兩縣之間，武關之外也。秦、楚交戰當在此水之陽。楚師旣敗，秦師乘勝取上庸路西入以收漢中，其勢易矣。索，山客翻。𡌴，與埴同。屈，九勿翻。冢，知隴翻。易，弋豉翻。</span>楚師大敗；斬甲士八萬，虜屈匄及列侯、執珪七十餘人，<span class="jiazhu">執珪，楚爵也，執珪而朝者也。</span>遂取漢中郡。<span class="jiazhu">自沔陽、成固至新城、上庸，時皆漢中郡之地。<span class="shu-ming">釋名</span>曰：郡，羣也，人所羣聚也。黃義仲<span class="shu-ming">十三州記</span>曰：郡之言君也。改公侯之封而言君者，至尊也。今郡字，<span class="yinhao">「君」</span>在其左，<span class="yinhao">「邑」</span>在其右，君爲元首，邑以載民，故取名於君，謂之郡。</span>楚王悉發國內兵以復襲秦，<span class="jiazhu">復，扶又翻。</span>戰於藍田，<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，藍田縣屬京兆，秦孝公置。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：藍田縣在雍州東南八十里。從藍田關入藍田縣，時楚襲秦深入。</span>楚師大敗。韓、魏聞楚之困，南襲楚，至鄧。<span class="jiazhu">鄧，春秋鄧國之地。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，鄧縣屬南陽郡。杜預曰：潁川召陵縣西有鄧城。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>曰：故鄧城在豫州郾陵縣東三十五里，所謂在古召陵西十里者也。召，讀曰邵。</span>楚人聞之，乃引兵歸，割兩城以請平于秦。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p35"><a class="gg-link" href="#p35" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>燕人共立太子平，是爲昭王。<span class="jiazhu">燕，因肩翻。</span>昭王於破燕之後，<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「後」下有「卽位」二字；乙十一行本同；孔本同；張校同。〕</span><span class="jiazhu">言燕國爲齊所破，己承其後也。</span>弔死問孤，與百姓同甘苦，卑身厚幣以招賢者。謂郭隗曰：<span class="yinhao">「齊因孤之國亂而襲破燕，孤極知燕小力少，<span class="jiazhu">臧文仲曰：列國有凶稱孤，禮也。杜預曰：列國諸侯無凶則稱寡人。郭姓出於周之虢公，世亦謂虢公爲郭公。隗，五罪翻。少，始紹翻。</span>不足以報；然誠得賢士與共國，以雪先王之恥，<span class="jiazhu">謂燕王噲破國之恥。噲，苦夬翻。</span>孤之願也。先生視可者，得身事之！」</span>郭隗曰：<span class="yinhao">「古之人君有以千金使涓人求千里馬者，<span class="jiazhu">春秋以來，諸侯之國有涓人，秦、漢之間有中涓。師古曰：涓，潔也。言其在中主知潔清灑掃之事，蓋王之親舊左右也。應劭曰：涓人如謁者。涓，古玄翻。灑，所賣翻；掃，所報翻；又皆音如字。</span>馬已死，買其首五百金而返。君大怒，涓人曰：『死馬且買之，況生者乎！馬今至矣。』不期年，千里之馬至者三。<span class="jiazhu">期，讀曰朞。</span>今王必欲致士，先從隗始，況賢於隗者，豈遠千里哉！」</span><span class="jiazhu">言燕王若加禮於郭隗，則四方之賢士聞之，將不以千里爲遠而來。</span>於是昭王爲隗改築宮而師事之。於是士爭趣燕：<span class="jiazhu">爲，于僞翻。趣，七喻翻。</span>樂毅自魏往，劇辛自趙往。<span class="jiazhu">劇，竭戟翻。劇，姓；辛，名。劇姓莫知其所自出。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，北海郡有劇縣，蓋其先以縣爲姓也。</span>昭王以樂毅爲亞卿，任以國政。<span class="jiazhu">爲燕用樂毅破齊張本。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p36"><a class="gg-link" href="#p36" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>韓宣惠王薨，子襄王倉立。</p>
<div class="yt" id="y0311"><p class="strong" id="p37"><a class="gg-link" href="#p37" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-13"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="四年">四年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（庚戌、前三一一年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p38"><a class="gg-link" href="#p38" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>蜀相殺蜀侯。<span class="jiazhu">相，息亮翻。蜀相，蓋陳莊也。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p39"><a class="gg-link" href="#p39" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦惠王使人告楚懷王，請以武關之外易黔中地。<span class="jiazhu">武關，<span class="shu-ming">左傳</span>之少習，地在漢弘農郡析縣西百七十里，道通南陽。<span class="shu-ming">晉太康地志</span>曰：武關當冠軍西。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>曰：武關在商州上洛縣東。武關之外，蓋秦丹、析、商於之地。黔，音琴。少，始照翻。冠，工玩翻。於，音如字。</span>楚王曰：<span class="yinhao">「不願易地，願得張儀而獻黔中地。」</span>張儀聞之，請行。王曰：<span class="yinhao">「楚將甘心於子，<span class="jiazhu">楚王以墮張儀之詐，故欲甘心焉。</span>柰何行？」</span>張儀曰：<span class="yinhao">「秦強楚弱，大王在，楚不宜敢取臣。且臣善其嬖臣靳尙，<span class="jiazhu">嬖，匹計翻，又卑義翻。靳，居焮翻，姓也。</span>靳尙得事幸姬鄭袖，<span class="jiazhu">鄭，以國爲氏。<span class="yinhao">「袖」</span>，<span class="shu-ming">戰國策</span>作<span class="yinhao">「褏」</span>，古字也。</span>袖之言，王無不聽者。」</span>遂往。楚王囚，將殺之。靳尙謂鄭袖曰：<span class="yinhao">「秦王甚愛張儀，將以上庸六縣及美女贖之。<span class="jiazhu">上庸，春秋庸國。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，上庸縣屬漢中郡。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>：上庸縣，今房州。宋白曰：今房州竹山縣古城，卽漢上庸縣。</span>王重地尊秦，秦女必貴而夫人斥矣。」</span>於是鄭袖日夜泣於楚王曰：<span class="yinhao">「臣各爲其主耳。<span class="jiazhu">爲，于僞翻。</span>今殺張儀，秦必大怒。妾請子母俱遷江南，毋爲秦所魚肉也！」</span>王乃赦張儀而厚禮之。張儀因說楚王曰：<span class="yinhao">「夫爲從者無以異於驅羣羊而攻猛虎，不格明矣。<span class="jiazhu">說，式芮翻。夫，音扶。從，子容翻。格，當也。劉伯莊曰：格，各額翻，其字宜從<span class="yinhao">「手」</span>。余據字書，格，擊也，鬬也，從<span class="yinhao">「木」</span>亦通。</span>今王不事秦，秦劫韓驅梁而攻楚，則楚危矣。秦西有巴、蜀，治船積粟，浮岷江而下，<span class="jiazhu">治，直之翻。江水出蜀郡湔氐道之岷山，故謂之岷江。<span class="shu-ming">釋名</span>曰：江，共也；小流入其中，所公共也。</span>一日行五百餘里，不至十日而拒<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「拒」作「距」；乙十一行本同。〕</span>扞關，<span class="jiazhu">徐廣曰：巴郡魚復縣有扞關。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：在峽州巴山縣界。扞，寒旦翻。</span>扞關驚則從境以東盡城守矣，<span class="jiazhu">境，楚境也。扞關，楚之西境，從境以東，謂扞關以東也。</span>黔中、巫郡非王之有。<span class="jiazhu">黔，巨今翻。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，巫縣屬南郡。酈道元曰：縣故楚之巫郡。杜佑曰：今歸州巴東縣是也。</span>秦舉甲出武關，則北地絕。<span class="jiazhu">北地，楚北境之地，陳、蔡、汝、潁是也。</span>秦兵之攻楚也，危難在三月之內。<span class="jiazhu">難，乃旦翻。</span>而楚待諸侯之救在半歲之外，夫待弱國之救，忘強秦之禍，此臣所爲大王患也。<span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶。爲，于僞翻。</span>大王誠能聽臣，臣<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本不重「臣」字；乙十一行本同；孔本同。〕</span>請令秦、楚長爲兄弟之國，無相攻伐。」</span><span class="jiazhu">令，力丁翻。</span>楚王已得張儀而重出黔中地，<span class="jiazhu">重，難也。以地爲重，意難割棄之。</span>乃許之。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p40"><a class="gg-link" href="#p40" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>張儀遂之韓，說韓王曰：<span class="yinhao">「韓地險惡山居，<span class="jiazhu">之，如也，自楚如韓也。韓有宜陽、成皋，南盡魯陽，皆山險之地。說，式芮翻。</span>五穀所生，非菽而麥，<span class="jiazhu">菽，式竹翻，豆也。</span>國無二歲之食；見卒不過二十萬。<span class="jiazhu">見卒，見在之兵。見，賢遍翻。</span>秦被甲百餘萬。<span class="jiazhu">被，皮義翻。</span>山東之士被甲蒙胄以會戰，秦人捐甲徒裼以趨敵，<span class="jiazhu">胄，今謂之兜鍪。捐，與專翻，棄也。徒，徒行也。裼，音錫，袒也。趨，七喻翻。鍪，音牟。</span>左挈人頭，右挾生虜。夫戰孟賁、烏獲之士以攻不服之弱國，<span class="jiazhu">挾，戶頰翻。孟賁、烏獲，古之勇士。賁，音奔。</span>無異垂千鈞之重於鳥卵之上，必無幸矣。<span class="jiazhu">三十斤爲鈞。必無幸矣，言無幸而獲全之理。</span>大王不事秦，秦下甲據宜陽，塞成皋，<span class="jiazhu">下，遐稼翻。塞，悉則翻。</span>則王之國分矣，鴻臺之宮，桑林之苑，非王之有也。爲大王計，莫如事秦以攻楚，以轉禍而悅秦，計無便於此者！」</span>韓王許之。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p41"><a class="gg-link" href="#p41" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>張儀歸報，秦王封以六邑，號武信君。復使東說齊王曰：<span class="yinhao">「從人說大王者<span class="jiazhu">復，扶又翻。從人，合從之人也。從，子容翻。說，式芮翻。</span>必曰：『齊蔽於三晉，地廣民衆，兵強士勇，雖有百秦，將無柰齊何。』大王賢其說而不計其實。今秦、楚嫁女娶婦，爲昆弟之國；韓獻宜陽；梁效河外；<span class="jiazhu">河外，秦蓋以河東爲河外，梁則以河西爲河外，張儀以秦言之也。</span>趙王入朝，割河間以事秦。<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。河間，趙地。漢文帝二年，分爲河間國。應劭曰：在兩河之間。唐爲瀛州。</span>大王不事秦，秦驅韓、梁攻齊之南地， <span class="jiazhu">漢泰山、城陽，齊南境之地也。</span>悉趙兵，渡清河，指博關，臨菑、卽墨非王之有也！<span class="jiazhu">博關在濟州西界之博陵。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：博關在博州。趙兵從貝州渡清河指博關，則漯河以南臨菑、卽墨危矣。濟，子禮翻。漯，託合翻。</span>國一日見攻，雖欲事秦，不可得也！」</span>齊王許張儀。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p42"><a class="gg-link" href="#p42" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>張儀去，西說趙王曰：<span class="yinhao">「大王收率天下以擯秦，秦兵不敢出函谷關十五年。<span class="jiazhu">擯，必刃翻。事見上卷顯王三十六年。</span>大王之威行於山東，敝邑恐懼，<span class="jiazhu">春秋以來，列國交聘，行人率自稱其國曰敝邑。</span>繕甲厲兵，力田積粟，愁居懾處，不敢動搖，<span class="jiazhu">懾，之涉翻，怖也，心伏也，失常也，失氣也。處，昌呂翻。</span>唯大王有意督過之也。<span class="jiazhu">師古曰：督過，視責也。<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：督者，正其事而責之；督過，是深責其過也。</span>今以大王之力，舉巴、蜀，<span class="jiazhu">事見愼靚王五年。</span>幷漢中，<span class="jiazhu">事見上二年。</span>包兩周，<span class="jiazhu">元年服韓、魏，則包兩周矣。</span>守白馬之津。<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，白馬縣屬東郡。<span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：白馬津在白馬城之西北。白馬城，唐爲滑州治所。<span class="shu-ming">開山圖</span>曰：白馬津東可二十許里，有白馬山，山上常有白馬羣行，悲鳴則河決，馳走則山崩，後人因以名縣及津。按<span class="shu-ming">通鑑</span>不語怪，今此註亦近於怪，姑以廣異聞耳。</span>秦雖僻遠，然而心忿含怒之日久矣。今秦有敝甲凋兵軍於澠池，<span class="jiazhu">敝，敗惡也。凋，瘁也，半傷也。敗甲凋兵，謙其辭，言軍於澠池，則張其勢以臨趙矣。康曰：澠池，趙邑。余據趙與韓、魏接境，韓有野王、上黨，魏有河東、河內，而澠池則秦地也，漢爲縣，屬弘農郡，趙安能越韓、魏而有之！康說非是。澠，莫善翻；又莫忍翻。</span>願渡河，踰漳，據番吾，<span class="jiazhu">言欲自澠池北渡河，又自此東踰漳水而進據番吾，此亦張聲勢以臨趙也。番吾，卽漢常山郡之蒲吾縣也。劉昭<span class="shu-ming">註</span>曰：<span class="shu-ming">史記</span>番吾君，杜預云：晉之蒲邑也。此說非。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>：番吾故城，在恆州房山縣東二十里。番，音婆，又音盤。</span>會邯鄲之下，願以甲子合戰，正殷紂之事。<span class="jiazhu">武王伐紂，癸亥陳于商郊，甲子昧爽，紂帥其旅若林，會于牧野，前徒倒戈，攻其後以北，遂以勝殷殺紂。張儀引以懼趙，其有所侮而動，亦已甚矣。邯鄲，趙都，音寒丹。</span>謹使使臣先聞左右。<span class="jiazhu">使臣，上疏吏翻。</span>今楚與秦爲昆弟之國，而韓、梁稱東藩之臣，齊獻魚鹽之地，<span class="jiazhu">齊東瀕于海，海濱廣斥，魚鹽所出也。此時齊未嘗獻地于秦，張儀駕說以恐動趙耳。</span>此斷趙之右肩也。夫斷右肩而與人鬬，<span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶。斷，丁管翻。</span>失其黨而孤居，求欲毋危得乎！今秦發三將軍，其一軍塞午道，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：午道當在趙之東，齊之西。午道，地名也。鄭玄云：一縱一橫爲午，謂交道也。塞，悉則翻。</span>告齊使渡清河，軍於邯鄲之東，<span class="jiazhu">邯鄲，音寒丹。</span>一軍軍成皋，驅韓、梁軍於河外，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：河外，謂鄭滑州，北臨河。余謂此河外，亦因趙而言之。</span>一軍軍於澠池，約四國爲一以攻趙，趙服必四分其地。<span class="jiazhu">言秦約齊、韓、魏四分趙地。</span>臣竊爲大王計，莫如與秦王面相約而口相結，常爲兄弟之國也。」</span>趙王許之。<span class="jiazhu">當時趙於山東最強，且主從約，張儀說之，亦費辭矣。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p43"><a class="gg-link" href="#p43" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>張儀乃北之燕，<span class="jiazhu">燕，因肩翻。</span>說燕王曰：<span class="yinhao">「今趙王已入朝，効河間以事秦。<span class="jiazhu">張儀自趙至燕，借此氣勢而爲是虛言以動燕耳。朝，直遙翻。</span>大王不事秦，秦下甲雲中、九原，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">虞氏記</span>曰：趙自五原河曲築長城，東至陰山，又於河西造大城，一箱崩不就，乃改卜陰山河曲而禱焉。晝見羣鵠遊於雲中，徘徊經日，見大光在其下，乃卽其處築城，今雲中城是也。余謂此亦語怪，酈道元爲後魏書之耳。宋白曰：勝州榆林縣界有雲中古城，趙武侯所築，秦置雲中郡，唐爲單于都護府。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>：九原縣屬五原郡。漢之五原，卽秦之九原郡也。唐爲豐、鹽等州之地。宋白曰：唐豐州治九原縣。按雲中九原，皆在燕之西，秦自上郡朔方下兵則可至。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：古雲中、九原郡皆在勝州。雲中郡故城在榆林東北四十里。九原郡故城在勝州西界，今連谷縣是。下，遐稼翻。元爲，于僞翻。</span>驅趙而攻燕，則易水、長城非大王之有也！<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：易水出涿郡故安縣閻鄕西山，東屆關城西南，卽燕長城門也。易水又歷長城而東過范陽、容城、安次、泉州縣南而東入海。</span>且今時齊、趙之於秦，猶郡縣也，不敢妄舉師以攻伐。今王事秦，長無齊、趙之患矣。」</span><span class="jiazhu">以利動之。</span>燕王請獻常山之尾五城以和。<span class="jiazhu">常山，卽北嶽恆山也。漢文帝諱恆，改曰常山，置常山郡。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，常山在常山郡上曲陽縣西北，其尾則燕之西南界。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p44"><a class="gg-link" href="#p44" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>張儀歸報，未至咸陽，秦惠王薨，子武王立。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：武王，名蕩。</span>武王自爲太子時，不說張儀；<span class="jiazhu">說，讀曰悅。</span>及卽位，羣臣多毀短之。<span class="jiazhu">毀短，訾毀而數其短也。</span>諸侯聞儀與秦王有隙，<span class="jiazhu">隙，乞逆翻，怨隙也，釁隙也。物之有罅釁者爲有隙，人之與人有怨者亦爲有隙。</span>皆畔衡，復合從。<span class="jiazhu">衡，讀曰橫。從，子容翻。以此觀之，此時六國之勢，利在合從，而從張儀連衡者，畏秦而搖於儀之說耳。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0310"><p class="strong" id="p45"><a class="gg-link" href="#p45" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-14"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="五年">五年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（辛亥、前三一○年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p46"><a class="gg-link" href="#p46" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>張儀說秦武王曰：<span class="yinhao">「爲王計者，東方有變，<span class="jiazhu">韓、魏皆在秦之東。說，式芮翻。</span>然後王可以多割得地也。臣聞齊王甚憎臣，臣之所在，齊必伐之。臣願乞其不肖之身以之梁，<span class="jiazhu">不肖，謙言無所肖似也。魏都大梁。</span>齊必伐梁，齊、梁交兵而不能相去，<span class="jiazhu">言兵交不解，各欲去而不能也。</span>王以其間伐韓，<span class="jiazhu">間，居莧翻，間隙也；又居閑翻，中間也。</span>入三川，挾天子，案圖籍，此王業也！」</span><span class="jiazhu">張儀欲傾周而爲秦，始終以此說爲主。挾，戶頰翻。</span>王許之。齊王果伐梁，梁王恐。張儀曰：<span class="yinhao">「王勿患也！<span class="jiazhu">言勿以爲患。</span>請令齊罷兵。」</span><span class="jiazhu">令，盧經翻，使也；下同。</span>乃使其舍人之楚，借使謂齊王曰：<span class="jiazhu">之，往也，如也。不敢徑遣人使齊，而往楚借使，借使，言借楚人以爲使。借，子夜翻；康資昔切。使，疏吏翻。</span><span class="yinhao">「甚矣王之託儀於秦也！」</span>齊王曰：<span class="yinhao">「何故？」</span>楚使者曰：<span class="yinhao">「張儀之去秦也固與秦王謀矣，欲齊、梁相攻而令秦取三川也。今王果伐梁，是王內罷國而外伐與國，<span class="jiazhu">罷，讀曰疲。</span>而信儀於秦王也。」</span>齊王乃解兵還。<span class="jiazhu">還，從宣翻，又如字。</span>張儀相魏一歲，卒。<span class="jiazhu">相，息亮翻。卒，子恤翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p47"><a class="gg-link" href="#p47" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>儀與蘇秦皆以縱橫之術遊諸侯，致位富貴，天下爭慕效之。<span class="jiazhu">縱，子容翻。</span>又有魏人公孫衍者，號曰犀首，亦以談說顯名。<span class="jiazhu">說，式芮翻。</span>其餘蘇代、蘇厲、周最、樓緩之徒，紛紜徧於天下，務以辯詐相高，不可勝紀，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">姓譜</span>曰：周姓本自周平王子，別封汝川，人謂之周家，因氏焉。一云：以赧王爲秦所滅，黜爲庶人，百姓稱爲周家，因氏焉。余按商有太史周任，謂爲周姓所自出，夫豈不可！又赧王於時未滅，不可謂周最出於赧王。樓姓，夏少康之裔，周封爲東樓公，子孫因氏焉。師古曰：紛紜，興作貌，又物多而亂貌。勝，音升。赧，奴版翻。夏，戶雅翻。少，始照翻。裔，苗裔。</span>而儀、秦、衍最著。<span class="jiazhu">著者，顯著於時。</span></p>
<p class="margin2" id="p48"><a class="gg-link" href="#p48" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>孟子論之曰：或謂：<span class="yinhao">「公孫衍、張儀豈不大丈夫哉！一怒而諸侯懼，安居而天下熄。」</span><span class="jiazhu">熄，滅也，火滅爲熄。此言天下兵革之事熄滅也。</span>孟子曰：<span class="yinhao">「是惡足爲大丈夫哉！<span class="jiazhu">惡，音烏。</span>君子立天下之正位，行天下之正道，得志則與民由之，不得志則獨行其道，富貴不能淫，貧賤不能移，威武不能詘，<span class="jiazhu">詘，與屈同。</span>是之謂大丈夫。」</span></p>
<p class="margin2" id="p49"><a class="gg-link" href="#p49" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>揚子<span class="shu-ming">法言</span>曰：或問：<span class="yinhao">「儀、秦學乎鬼谷術而習乎縱橫言，安中國者各十餘年，是夫？」</span><span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶。</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「詐人也，聖人惡諸。」</span><span class="jiazhu">惡，烏路翻。</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「孔子讀而儀、秦行，<span class="jiazhu">謂讀孔子之言而行儀、秦之事。</span>何如也？」</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「甚矣鳳鳴而鷙翰也！」</span><span class="jiazhu">翰，侯旰翻，又侯安翻，羽翰。</span><span class="yinhao">「然則子貢不爲歟？」</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「亂而不解，子貢恥諸。<span class="jiazhu">太史公曰：子貢一出，存魯，亂齊，破吳，強晉而霸越。溫公曰：考其年與事皆不合，蓋六國遊說之士託爲之辭，太史公不加考訂，因而記之；揚子雲亦據<span class="shu-ming">太史公書</span>發此語也。說，式芮翻。</span>說而不富貴，儀、秦恥諸。」</span><span class="jiazhu">說，式芮翻。</span>或曰：<span class="yinhao">「儀、秦其才矣乎，跡不蹈已？」</span><span class="jiazhu">宋咸曰：蹈，踐也；言儀、秦之才術超卓，自然不踐循舊人之跡。踐，慈演翻。</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「昔在任人，帝而難之。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">書·舜典</span>：而難任人。孔安國<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：任，佞也；難，拒也；言佞人則斥遠之。任，音壬。難，乃旦翻。</span>不以才乎？才乎才，非吾徒之才也！」</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p50"><a class="gg-link" href="#p50" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦王使甘茂誅蜀相莊。<span class="jiazhu">四年，蜀相殺蜀侯，秦武王故誅之。<span class="shu-ming">史記</span><span class="yinhao">「莊」</span>作<span class="yinhao">「壯」</span>。案<span class="shu-ming">秦紀</span>，秦旣得蜀，使陳莊相蜀；從<span class="yinhao">「莊」</span>爲是。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p51"><a class="gg-link" href="#p51" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>秦王、魏王會于臨晉。<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，臨晉縣屬馮翊，故大荔也，秦取之，更名臨晉。應劭曰：臨晉水，故名。臣瓚曰：晉水在河之東，此縣在河之西，不得臨晉水。舊說，秦築高壘以臨晉國，故曰臨晉。章懷太子賢曰：臨晉故城，在今同州朝邑縣西南。余按<span class="shu-ming">唐書·地理志</span>，蒲州有臨晉縣。宋白曰：漢臨晉縣在今臨晉縣東南十八里，故解城是也。後魏改爲北解縣。周省。隋分猗氏縣，置桑泉縣。唐天寶十二載，改臨晉縣。天寶之改縣，必有所據，則應劭臨晉水之說，未可厚非。秦之臨晉在河西，臣瓚、章懷之說皆是也。更，工衡翻。應，乙陵翻。瓚，藏旱翻。朝，直遙翻。解，戶買翻。載，祖亥翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p52"><a class="gg-link" href="#p52" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">4</span>趙武靈王納吳廣之女孟姚，<span class="jiazhu">吳姓，以國爲氏。</span>有寵，是爲惠后。<span class="jiazhu">孔穎達曰：后，後也，言其後於天子，亦以廣後胤也。戰國諸侯僭王，亦稱其夫人爲后。</span>生子何。<span class="jiazhu">爲立何而長子章爭國張本。長，知兩翻。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0309"><p class="strong" id="p53"><a class="gg-link" href="#p53" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-15"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="六年">六年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（壬子、前三○九年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p54"><a class="gg-link" href="#p54" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦初置丞相，以樗里疾爲右丞相。<span class="jiazhu">應劭曰：丞者，承也；相者，助也。荀悅曰：秦本次國，命卿二人，故置左右丞相，無三公官。樗里疾，秦惠王之弟也。高誘曰：疾居渭南之陰鄕，其里有大樗樹，故號樗里子。相，息亮翻。樗，丑於翻。誘，羊久翻。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0308"><p class="strong" id="p55"><a class="gg-link" href="#p55" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-16"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="七年">七年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（癸丑、前三○八年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p56"><a class="gg-link" href="#p56" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦、魏會于應。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">左傳</span>曰：邘、晉、應、韓，武之穆也。杜預<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：應國在襄陽城父縣西。余按襄陽無城父縣。<span class="shu-ming">後漢志</span>，潁川父城縣西南有應鄕，古應國也。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>曰：故應城因應山爲名。古之應國在汝州魯山縣東三十里。應，乙陵翻。邘，音于。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p57"><a class="gg-link" href="#p57" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦王使甘茂約魏以伐韓，而令向壽輔行。甘茂<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「茂」下有「至魏」二字；乙十一行本同；孔本同；張校同；退齋校同。〕</span>令向壽還，謂王曰：<span class="yinhao">「魏聽臣矣，<span class="jiazhu">令，盧經翻，使也。向，式讓翻，姓也。<span class="shu-ming">姓譜</span>：向姓本自宋文公枝子向文旰，旰孫戌以王父字爲氏。余按<span class="shu-ming">左傳</span>，向戌本出於宋桓公。孟子爲齊卿，出弔於滕，王使王驩爲輔行。趙岐<span class="shu-ming">註</span>曰：輔行，副使也。旰，音榦。戌，音恤。傳，直戀翻。使，疏吏翻。</span>然願王勿伐！」</span>王迎甘茂於息壤而問其故。<span class="jiazhu">柳宗元曰：地長隆然而起，夷之而益高者爲息壤。異書有云：鯀竊帝之息壤以堙洪水。意者此所謂息壤，蓋以地長得名。長，知兩翻。</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「宜陽大縣，其實郡也。<span class="jiazhu">杜佑曰：春秋時列國相滅，多以其地爲縣，則縣大而郡小，故趙鞅曰：<span class="yinhao">「上大夫受縣，下大夫受郡。」</span>至于戰國，則郡大而縣小矣，故甘茂曰：<span class="yinhao">「宜陽大縣，其實郡也。」</span><span class="shu-ming">漢官儀</span>曰：凡郡：或以列國，陳、魯、齊、吳是也；或以舊邑，長沙、丹陽是也；或以山陵，泰山、山陽是也；或以川原，西河、河東是也；或以所出，金城城下得金、酒泉泉味如酒、豫章樟樹生庭、鴈門鴈之所育是也；或以號令，夏禹合諸侯，大計東冶之山會計，因名會稽是也。令，力正翻。名會，古外翻。</span>今王倍數險，行千里，攻之難。<span class="jiazhu">倍，與背同，音蒲妹翻。數險，謂函谷及三崤之險。</span>魯人有與曾參同姓名者殺人，人告其母，其母織自若也。<span class="jiazhu">參，所金翻，一音七南翻。</span>及三人告之，其母投杼下機，踰牆而走。<span class="jiazhu">杼，直呂翻。<span class="shu-ming">說文</span>曰：杼，機之持緯者，蓋今所謂梭。梭，蘇禾翻。</span>臣之賢不若曾參，王之信臣又不如其母，疑臣者非特三人，臣恐大王之投杼也。魏文侯令樂羊將而攻中山，三年而拔之。<span class="jiazhu">事見一卷威烈王二十三年。令，音盧經翻。將，卽亮翻。</span>反而論功，文侯示之謗書一篋。<span class="jiazhu">謗，訕也，毀也。篋，竹笥也，音古頰翻。</span>樂羊再拜稽首曰：『此非臣之功，君之力也！』<span class="jiazhu">稽首，首至地也。稽，音啓。</span>今臣，羇旅之臣也，<span class="jiazhu">甘茂，楚下蔡人，故云然。羇，居宜翻，寄也。旅，客也。</span>樗里子、公孫奭挾韓而議之，王必聽之，<span class="jiazhu">樗，丑於翻。奭，施隻翻。挾，戶頰翻。</span>是王欺魏王而臣受公仲侈之怨也。」</span><span class="jiazhu">公仲侈，韓相也。</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「寡人弗聽也，請與子盟！」</span>乃盟於息壤。秋，甘茂、庶長封帥師伐宜陽。<span class="jiazhu">長，知丈翻。帥，讀曰率。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0307"><p class="strong" id="p58"><a class="gg-link" href="#p58" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-17"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="八年">八年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（甲寅、前三○七年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p59"><a class="gg-link" href="#p59" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>甘茂攻宜陽，五月而不拔。樗里子、公孫奭果爭之。秦王召甘茂，欲罷兵。甘茂曰：<span class="yinhao">「息壤在彼。」</span><span class="jiazhu">徵前盟也。</span>王曰：<span class="yinhao">「有之。」</span>因大悉起兵以佐甘茂，<span class="jiazhu">佐，助也。</span>斬首六萬，遂拔宜陽。韓公仲侈入謝於秦以請平。<span class="jiazhu">請平，猶請和也。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p60"><a class="gg-link" href="#p60" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦武王好以力戲，<span class="jiazhu">好，呼到翻。</span>力士任鄙、烏獲、孟說皆至大官。<span class="jiazhu">烏，姓也。春秋時，齊有大夫烏枝鳴。<span class="shu-ming">姓譜</span>：孟姓，魯桓公之子仲孫之胤，仲孫爲三桓之孟，故曰孟氏。任，音壬。說，讀曰悅。</span>八月，王與孟說舉鼎，絕脈而薨；<span class="jiazhu">脈，莫獲翻。脈者，係絡臟腑，其血理分行於支體之間；人舉重而力不能勝，故脈絕而死。按<span class="shu-ming">史記·甘茂傳</span>云：武王至周而卒于周。蓋舉鼎者，舉九鼎也。<span class="shu-ming">世家</span>以爲龍文赤鼎。<span class="shu-ming">史記</span><span class="yinhao">「脈」</span>作<span class="yinhao">「臏」</span>。</span>族孟說。<span class="jiazhu">族者，誅夷其族。</span>武王無子，異母弟稷爲質於燕，<span class="jiazhu">質，音致。燕，因肩翻。</span>國人逆而立之，<span class="jiazhu">逆，迎也。</span>是爲昭襄王。昭襄王母羋八子，<span class="jiazhu">羋，楚姓也。漢因秦制，嫡稱皇后，次稱夫人，又有美人、良人、八子、七子、長使、少使之號。美人爵視二千石，比少上造。八子視千石，比中更。羋，亡氏翻。</span>楚女也，實宣太后。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p61"><a class="gg-link" href="#p61" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>趙武靈王北略中山之地，<span class="jiazhu">略地之師速而疾。杜預曰：略者，總攝巡行之名也。</span>至房子，<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，房子縣屬常山郡。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：房子，今趙州縣。宋白曰：天寶元年改曰臨城。</span>遂至<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「至」作「之」；乙十一行本同；孔本同；張校同；退齋校同。〕</span>代，北至無窮，<span class="jiazhu">自代北出塞外，大漠數千里，故曰無窮。<span class="shu-ming">戰國策</span>，武靈王曰：<span class="yinhao">「昔先君襄王與代交地，城境封之，名曰無窮之門，所以詔後而期遠也。」</span></span>西至河，登黃華之上。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：黃華，蓋黃河側之山名。</span>與肥義謀胡服騎射以敎百姓，<span class="jiazhu">騎，奇寄翻。</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「愚者所笑，賢者察焉。雖驅世以笑我，胡地、中山，吾必有之！」</span>遂胡服。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p62"><a class="gg-link" href="#p62" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>國人皆不欲，公子成稱疾不朝。<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。</span>王使人請之曰：<span class="yinhao">「家聽於親，<span class="jiazhu">親，謂父母。</span>國聽於君。今寡人作敎易服而公叔不服，吾恐天下議己<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「己」作「之」；乙十一行本同；孔本同；張校同；退齋校同。〕</span>也。制國有常，利民爲本；從政有經，令行爲上。<span class="jiazhu">令，力政翻。</span>明德先論於賤，而從政先信於貴，<span class="jiazhu">德欲其下及，故先論於賤；卑賤者感其德，則德廣所及可知矣。法行自貴近始，故先信於貴；貴近者奉法，則法之必行可知矣。</span>故願慕公叔之義以成胡服之功也。」</span>公子成再拜稽首曰：<span class="jiazhu">稽，音啓。</span><span class="yinhao">「臣聞中國者，聖賢之所敎也，禮樂之所用也，遠方之所觀赴也，蠻夷之所則效也。今王舍此而襲遠方之服，<span class="jiazhu">則，法也。舍，讀曰捨。襲，重衣也。</span>變古之道，逆人之心，臣願王孰圖之也！」</span><span class="jiazhu">孰，古熟字，通。<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本正作「熟」；乙十一行本同；孔本同。〕</span></span>使者以報。王自往請之，<span class="jiazhu">使，疏吏翻。</span>曰：<span class="yinhao">「吾國東有齊、中山，<span class="jiazhu">按趙都邯鄲，東接於齊，中山在其東北，故<span class="shu-ming">史記·趙世家</span>載武靈王之言曰：<span class="yinhao">「吾國東有河、薄落之水，與齊、中山同之。」</span>蓋河、薄落之水在趙之東，與齊、中山同此地險也。</span>北有燕、東胡，西有樓煩、秦、韓之邊。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：營州之境，卽東胡、烏丸之地。林胡、樓煩，卽嵐、勝之北也。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>：鴈門郡樓煩縣。應劭<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：故樓煩胡地。嵐、勝以南，石州離石、藺等，七國時趙邊也，與秦隔河。晉、洺、潞、澤等州，皆七國時韓地，趙之西邊也。燕，因肩翻。</span>今無騎射之備，則何以守之哉？<span class="jiazhu">騎，奇寄翻。</span>先時中山負齊之強兵，侵暴吾地，係累吾民，<span class="jiazhu">先，悉薦翻。累，力追翻。</span>引水圍鄗；微社稷之神靈，則鄗幾於不守也。<span class="jiazhu">鄗，趙邑；漢光武改爲高邑；隋、唐爲柏鄕縣地，唐屬趙州。鄗，呼各翻。幾，居衣翻。</span>先君醜之，<span class="jiazhu">以爲趙國之醜。</span>故寡人變服騎射，欲以備四境之難，<span class="jiazhu">難，乃旦翻。</span>報中山之怨。而叔順中國之俗，惡變服之名，<span class="jiazhu">惡，烏路翻。</span>以忘鄗事之醜，非寡人之所望也！」</span>公子成聽命，乃賜胡服；明日服而朝。<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。</span>於是始出胡服令<span class="jiazhu">令，力政翻。</span>而招騎射焉。</p>
<div class="yt" id="y0306"><p class="strong" id="p63"><a class="gg-link" href="#p63" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-18"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="九年">九年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（乙卯、前三○六年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p64"><a class="gg-link" href="#p64" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦昭王使向壽平宜陽，<span class="jiazhu">平，正也，和也。正宜陽之疆界而和其民人也。向，式亮翻。</span>而使樗里子、甘茂伐魏。甘茂言於王，以武遂復歸之韓。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：武遂本屬韓，近平陽。<span class="shu-ming">楚世家</span>云：韓先王之墓在平陽，武遂去之七十里。去年秦拔宜陽，因涉河城武遂，今復歸之韓。復，音如字。</span>向壽、公孫奭爭之，不能得，<span class="jiazhu">向，式讓翻。</span>由此怨讒甘茂。茂懼，輟伐魏蒲阪，亡去。<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，蒲阪縣屬河東郡，舊曰蒲。應劭曰：秦始皇東巡，見長阪，因加<span class="yinhao">「阪」</span>云。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>：蒲阪故城，在蒲州河東縣南五里。阪，音反。</span>樗里子與魏講而罷兵。<span class="jiazhu">講，和也。</span>甘茂奔齊。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p65"><a class="gg-link" href="#p65" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>趙王略中山地，至寧葭；<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：衡漳水東北歷下博城西，又西逕樂鄕縣故城南，又東引葭水注之。葭，音加。</span>西略胡地，至榆中。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：諸次水出上郡諸次山，其水東逕榆林塞，世又謂之榆林山，卽<span class="shu-ming">漢書</span>所謂<span class="yinhao">「榆溪舊塞」</span>者。自溪西去，悉榆柳之藪，緣歷沙陵，屆龜茲縣西出，故云廣長榆也。王恢曰<span class="yinhao">「樹榆爲塞」</span>，謂此。蘇林以爲榆中在上郡，非也。按<span class="shu-ming">始皇本紀</span>：西北逐匈奴，自榆中並河以東，屬之陰山。然榆中在金城東五十許里，陰山在朔方東，以此推之，不得在上郡。余謂蘇林之說固未爲盡，而道元所謂榆中在金城東五十許里亦非也。據衞青取河南地，案榆溪舊塞，正在唐麟、勝二州界，其西則接古上郡之境。況諸次水出上郡，逕榆林塞入河，則榆中在上郡之東明矣，諸次水無西流至金城、榆中之理。夷考其故，道元特以班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>金城郡有榆中縣，遂牽合以爲說，不知此一節之誤尤甚於蘇林也。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：榆中，勝州北河北岸也。杜佑曰：勝州榆林郡南卽秦榆林塞。</span>林胡王獻馬，<span class="jiazhu">如淳曰：林胡，卽儋林。余謂此胡種落依阻林薄，因曰林胡。儋，都甘翻。種，章勇翻。</span>歸，使樓緩之秦，仇液之韓，王賁之楚，<span class="jiazhu">歸，謂趙王自略中山歸也。仇，姓也。春秋時，宋有大夫仇牧。液，音亦。之，往也，如也。賁，音奔；康曰：離之父，翦之子。余按離父、翦子，秦將也；此王賁乃趙人，康說非是。將，卽亮翻。</span>富丁之魏，<span class="jiazhu">富，姓也。春秋時，周有大夫富辰。</span>趙爵之齊；代相趙固主胡，致其兵。<span class="jiazhu">相，息亮翻。致者，使之至也。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p66"><a class="gg-link" href="#p66" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>楚王與齊、韓合從。<span class="jiazhu">楚與齊、韓合從，尋卽倍之，適足致齊、韓之兵耳。從，子容翻。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0305"><p class="strong" id="p67"><a class="gg-link" href="#p67" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-19"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十年">十年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（丙辰、前三○五年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p68"><a class="gg-link" href="#p68" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>彗星見。<span class="jiazhu">彗星，世所謂掃星，本類星，末類彗，小者數寸，長或竟天，見則兵起，主掃除，除舊布新。唐史臣曰：彗體無光，傅日以爲光，故夕見則東指，晨見則西指，或長或短，光芒所及則爲災。又曰：孛星，彗之屬也；偏指曰彗，氣四出曰孛。孛者孛孛，非常惡氣之所生，災甚於彗。天文書謂五星之精爲妖，歲星流爲蒼彗，熒惑、塡星散爲赤彗、黃彗，太白、辰星變爲白彗、黑彗。彗，祥歲翻，又徐醉翻，又旋芮翻。見，賢遍翻。掃，所報翻。傅，讀曰附。孛，蒲內翻。妖，於遙翻。塡，讀曰鎭。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p69"><a class="gg-link" href="#p69" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>趙王伐中山，取丹丘、爽陽、鴻之塞，又取鄗、石邑、封龍、東垣。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：丹丘，邢州縣。余按<span class="shu-ming">隋</span>、<span class="shu-ming">唐志</span>，邢州有內丘縣，漢之中丘縣也，未嘗有丹丘，不知其何據。<span class="yinhao">「爽陽、鴻之塞，」</span><span class="shu-ming">史記</span>作<span class="yinhao">「華陽、鴟之塞」</span>。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>曰：北岳別名曰華陽臺，卽常山也，在定州恆陽縣北百四十里。徐廣曰：<span class="yinhao">「鴟」</span>作<span class="yinhao">「鴻」</span>，鴻上故關，今名汝城，在定州唐縣東北六十里。又有鴻上水，出唐縣北葛洪山，山接北岳恆山，皆在定州界。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，石邑縣屬常山郡，井陘山在西。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>：石邑故城，在恆州鹿泉縣南三十五里。封龍山，一名飛龍山，在恆州鹿泉縣南四十五里，邑蓋因山爲名。洪氏<span class="shu-ming">隸釋</span>載後漢所立<span class="shu-ming">白石碑</span>云：常山國元氏縣界有封龍山。東垣，卽漢眞定國之眞定縣，漢高帝更名。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：趙之東垣，在恆州眞定縣南八里，故常山城是也。鄗，呼各翻。垣，于元翻。華，戶化翻。恆，戶登翻。鴟，丑之翻。陘，音刑。更，工衡翻。</span>中山獻四邑以和。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p70"><a class="gg-link" href="#p70" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>秦宣太后異父弟曰穰侯魏冉，同父弟曰華陽君羋戎；王之同母弟曰高陵君、涇陽君。魏冉最賢，<span class="jiazhu">秦封穰侯於陶，陶卽范蠡所居陶邑。孟康曰：陶卽定陶。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，定陶縣屬濟陰郡。下云封於穰與陶；穰縣屬南陽郡，去定陶差遠。<span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>曰：穰侯封於穰，益封於陶；其免相也，出之陶而卒。陶有穰侯冢。穰，音人羊翻。華陽，卽武王歸馬之地。<span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：洛水自上洛縣東北分爲二水，枝渠東北出爲門水，水東北歷陽華之山，卽華陽也。華，音戶化翻。羋，眉婢翻。相，息亮翻。卒，子恤翻。冢，知隴翻。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，高陵縣屬馮翊，涇陽縣屬安定。杜佑曰：京兆涇陽縣乃秦封涇陽君之地。漢涇陽縣在今平涼郡界涇陽故城是也。宋白曰：雍州涇陽本秦舊縣。與杜佑同。<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：高陵君，名顯；涇陽君，名悝。索，山客翻。悝，苦回翻。</span>自惠王、武王時，任職用事。武王薨，諸弟爭立，唯魏冉力能立昭王。<span class="jiazhu">惠王，卽惠文王。昭王，卽昭襄王。</span>昭王卽位，以魏冉爲將軍，衞咸陽。是歲，庶長壯及大臣、諸公子謀作亂，<span class="jiazhu">長，知丈翻。</span>魏冉誅之；及惠文后皆不得良死，<span class="jiazhu">惠文后，昭王嫡母也。死於正命曰良死。</span>悼武王后出居<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「居」作「歸」；乙十一行本同；孔本同；退齋校同。〕</span>于魏，<span class="jiazhu">悼武王后，卽秦武王后，昭王嫂也。</span>王兄弟不善者，魏冉皆滅之。王少，宣太后自治事，任魏冉爲政，威震秦國。<span class="jiazhu">少，詩照翻。治，直之翻。爲范睢間魏冉張本。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0304"><p class="strong" id="p71"><a class="gg-link" href="#p71" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-20"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十一年">十一年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（丁巳、前三○四年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p72"><a class="gg-link" href="#p72" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦王、楚王盟于黃棘；<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：黃棘蓋在房、襄二州。余按班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，南陽郡有棘陽縣，應劭曰：縣在棘水之陽。</span>秦復與楚上庸。<span class="jiazhu">三年，秦敗楚師，虜屈匄，取楚上庸。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0303"><p class="strong" id="p73"><a class="gg-link" href="#p73" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-21"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十二年">十二年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（戊午、前三○三年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p74"><a class="gg-link" href="#p74" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>彗星見。<span class="jiazhu">彗，祥歲翻，又徐醉翻，旋芮翻。見，賢遍翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p75"><a class="gg-link" href="#p75" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦取魏蒲阪、晉陽、封陵；<span class="jiazhu"><span class="yinhao">「晉陽」</span>，按<span class="shu-ming">史記·世家</span>作<span class="yinhao">「陽晉」</span>，其地當在蒲阪之東，風陵之西，大河之陽；且本晉地也，故謂之陽晉。蘇秦所謂<span class="yinhao">「衞陽晉之道」</span>，蓋以魏境有陽晉，故在衞境者稱<span class="yinhao">「衞陽晉」</span>以別之。<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>曰：晉陽故城，今名晉城，在蒲州虞鄕縣西。<span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>：函谷關直北隔河有崇阜，巍然獨秀，世謂之風陵。酈道元所謂函谷，則潼關也。<span class="shu-ming">史記正義</span>曰：封陵在蒲州。<span class="shu-ming">唐志</span>：河中府河東縣南有風陵關。今若據<span class="shu-ming">括地志</span>，則晉陽亦通。</span>又取韓武遂。<span class="jiazhu">九年，秦歸韓武遂。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p76"><a class="gg-link" href="#p76" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>齊、韓、魏以楚負其從親，<span class="jiazhu">九年，楚與齊、韓合從，蓋卽負之也。從，子容翻。</span>合兵伐楚。楚王使太子橫爲質於秦以請救。<span class="jiazhu">質，音致。</span>秦客卿通將兵救楚，三國引兵去。<span class="jiazhu">將，卽亮翻，又音如字，領也。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0302"><p class="strong" id="p77"><a class="gg-link" href="#p77" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-22"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十三年">十三年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（己未、前三○二年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p78"><a class="gg-link" href="#p78" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦王、魏王、韓太子嬰會于臨晉，韓太子至咸陽而歸；秦復與魏蒲阪。<span class="jiazhu">阪，音反。去年秦取魏蒲阪。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p79"><a class="gg-link" href="#p79" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦大夫有私與楚太子鬬者，太子殺之，亡歸。<span class="jiazhu">楚太子質秦而亡歸，復質於齊；秦以爲言而誘陷其父，齊乘其父出而要之以利。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0301"><p class="strong" id="p80"><a class="gg-link" href="#p80" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-23"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十四年">十四年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（庚申、前三○一年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p81"><a class="gg-link" href="#p81" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>日有食之，旣。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p82"><a class="gg-link" href="#p82" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦人取韓穰。<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，穰縣屬南陽郡。以時考之，當屬楚。然韓得潁川之地，與南陽接境，七國兵爭，疆埸之間，一彼一此，或者此時穰屬韓歟？穰，人羊翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p83"><a class="gg-link" href="#p83" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>蜀守煇叛秦，秦司馬錯往誅之。<span class="jiazhu">蜀守，蜀郡守也。<span class="shu-ming">史記·秦紀</span>作<span class="yinhao">「蜀侯」</span>。<span class="shu-ming">華陽國志</span>曰：秦封王子煇爲蜀侯。蜀侯祭，歸胙於王；後母疾之，加毒以進。王大怒，使司馬錯賜煇劍。守，音狩。煇，<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>音暉。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p84"><a class="gg-link" href="#p84" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">4</span>秦庶長奐會韓、魏、齊兵伐楚，<span class="jiazhu">修楚太子亡歸之怨。長，知丈翻。</span>敗其師於重丘，殺其將唐昩；遂取重丘。<span class="jiazhu">唐姓本於唐堯。春秋之時，有二重丘：衞孫蒯飲馬於重丘，杜預曰：曹邑；諸侯同盟于重丘，杜預曰：齊地。時楚之境皆不至此。<span class="shu-ming">呂氏春秋</span>曰：齊令章子與韓、魏攻荊，荊使唐薎將兵應之，夾泚而軍；章子夜襲之，斬薎於是水之上。<span class="shu-ming">水經註</span>曰：泚水又西，澳水注之。水北出茈丘山，南入于泚水。意者重丘卽茈丘也。敗，補邁翻。將，卽亮翻。<span class="yinhao">「昩」</span>，<span class="shu-ming">荀子</span>作<span class="yinhao">「蔑」</span>，楊倞<span class="shu-ming">註</span>曰：與<span class="yinhao">「昩」</span>同，語音相近，當音末。<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>音莫葛翻。重，直龍翻。茈，才支翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p85"><a class="gg-link" href="#p85" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">5</span>趙王伐中山，中山君奔齊。</p>
<div class="yt" id="y0300"><p class="strong" id="p86"><a class="gg-link" href="#p86" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-24"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十五年">十五年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（辛酉、前三○○年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p87"><a class="gg-link" href="#p87" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>秦涇陽君爲質於齊。<span class="jiazhu">質，音致。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p88"><a class="gg-link" href="#p88" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>秦華陽君伐楚，大破楚師，斬首三萬，殺其將景缺，取楚襄城。<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，襄城縣屬潁川郡，有西不羹，楚靈王所謂<span class="yinhao">「大城陳、蔡、不羹，賦皆千乘」</span>是也。將，卽亮翻。陸德明曰：不羹，舊音郎；<span class="shu-ming">漢書·地理志</span>作<span class="yinhao">「更」</span>字。乘，繩證翻。</span>楚王恐，使太子爲質於齊以請平。<span class="jiazhu">爲楚懷王入秦而卒、齊留太子以邀楚張本。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p89"><a class="gg-link" href="#p89" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>秦樗里疾卒，以趙人樓緩爲丞相。<span class="jiazhu">樗，丑於翻。卒，子恤翻。相，息亮翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p90"><a class="gg-link" href="#p90" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">4</span>趙武靈王愛少子何，欲及其生而立之。<span class="jiazhu">少，詩照翻。及其生者，及其生而親見之。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0299"><p class="strong" id="p91"><a class="gg-link" href="#p91" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-25"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十六年">十六年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（壬戌、前二九九年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p92"><a class="gg-link" href="#p92" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>五月戊申，大朝東宮，<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。</span>傳國於何，王廟見禮畢，出臨朝，<span class="jiazhu">廟見，始卽位而見祖廟也。見，賢遍翻。</span>大夫悉爲臣。肥義爲相國，幷傅王。<span class="jiazhu">相國之官始此，秦、漢因之；漢、魏以降，其位望尊於丞相。相，息亮翻。</span>武靈王自號<span class="yinhao">「主父」</span>。<span class="jiazhu">主父，言爲國之主之父也。一曰，言其子主國而己則父也。</span>主父欲使子治國，身胡服，將士大夫西北略胡地。<span class="jiazhu">治，直之翻。將，卽亮翻，又如字。</span>將自雲中、九原南襲咸陽，於是詐自爲使者，入秦。<span class="jiazhu">使，疏吏翻。</span>欲以觀秦地形及秦王之爲人。秦王不知，已而怪其狀甚偉，非人臣之度，<span class="jiazhu">賓主相見，交際之禮已，方怪其非人臣。</span>使人逐之；主父行已脫關矣，審問之，乃主父也。<span class="jiazhu">謂已脫身出秦關也。</span>秦人大驚。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p93"><a class="gg-link" href="#p93" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>齊王、魏王會于韓。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p94"><a class="gg-link" href="#p94" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>秦人伐楚，取八城。秦王遺楚王書曰：<span class="yinhao">「始寡人與王約爲兄弟，盟于黃棘，<span class="jiazhu">見上十一年。遺，于季翻。</span>太子入質，至驩也。<span class="jiazhu">質，音致。見十二年。</span>太子陵殺寡人之重臣，不謝而亡去。<span class="jiazhu">見十三年。</span>寡人誠不勝怒，<span class="jiazhu">勝，音升。</span>使兵侵君王之邊。<span class="jiazhu">謂戰重丘，取襄城。</span>今聞君王乃令太子質於齊以求平。<span class="jiazhu">見十五年。</span>寡人與楚接境，婚姻相親；<span class="jiazhu">妻父曰婚，壻父曰姻。<span class="shu-ming">字書</span>：婚，昏也；禮娶以昏時，婦人陰也，故曰婚。壻家女之所因，故曰姻。<span class="shu-ming">字林</span>：婚，婦家；姻，壻家。賈公彥曰：各據男女身，則男曰昏，女曰姻；若以親言之，則女之父曰婚，壻之父曰姻。余按張儀言秦、楚嫁女娶婦爲昆弟之國；考之於史，自赧王四年至是年，秦、楚未嘗嫁娶也。至十九年，楚懷王死於秦。至二十三年，楚襄王逆婦於秦。蓋先已約親，其後襄王終喪，始逆婦成婚姻。</span>而今秦、楚不驩，則無以令諸侯。<span class="jiazhu">令，力政翻。</span>寡人願與君王會武關，面相約，結盟而去，寡人之願也！」</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p95"><a class="gg-link" href="#p95" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>楚王患之，欲往恐見欺，欲不往恐秦益怒。昭睢曰：<span class="yinhao">「毋行而發兵自守耳！<span class="jiazhu">睢，息遺翻，又七余翻。</span>秦，虎狼也，有幷諸侯之心，不可信也！」</span>懷王之子<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「子」下有「子」字；乙十一行本同；孔本同。〕</span>蘭勸王行，王乃入秦。秦王令一將軍詐爲王，伏兵武關，楚王至則閉關劫之，與俱西，至咸陽，朝章臺，如藩臣禮，<span class="jiazhu">朝，直遙翻。秦章臺宮在渭南。漢張敞走馬章臺街，孟康曰：在長安中；臣瓚曰：街在章臺下。漢長安在渭南，以此言之，章臺宮在渭南明矣。瓚，藏旱翻。</span>要以割巫、黔中郡。楚王欲盟，秦王欲先得地。楚王怒曰：<span class="yinhao">「秦詐我，而又強要我以地！」</span><span class="jiazhu">要，一遙翻。黔，其今翻。強，其良翻，又其兩翻。</span>因不復許。秦人留之。<span class="jiazhu">復，扶又翻。</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p96"><a class="gg-link" href="#p96" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>楚大臣患之，乃相與謀曰：<span class="yinhao">「吾王在秦不得還，要以割地，而太子爲質於齊，<span class="jiazhu">還，從宣翻，又音如字。要，一遙翻。質，音致。</span>齊、秦合謀，則楚無國矣。」</span>欲立王子之在國者。昭睢曰：<span class="yinhao">「王與太子俱困於諸侯，今又倍王命而立其庶子，不宜！」</span><span class="jiazhu">睢，息隨翻。倍，蒲妹翻。</span>乃詐赴於齊。<span class="jiazhu">詐言楚王薨而請太子還王楚。</span>齊湣王召羣臣謀之，或曰：<span class="yinhao">「不若留太子以求楚之淮北。」</span><span class="jiazhu">湣，讀曰閔。楚滅陳、蔡，封畛於汝，滅越，取吳故地，幷有古徐夷之地，皆在淮北，卽楚所謂<span class="yinhao">「下東國」</span>。</span>齊相曰：<span class="yinhao">「不可！郢中立王，<span class="jiazhu">郢，楚都。班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>：南郡江陵縣，故楚郢都，楚文王自丹陽徙此；後九世，平王城之；又後十世，秦拔之，東徙壽春，亦名曰郢。<span class="shu-ming">水經</span>：江水東逕江陵縣故城南，又東逕郢城南。<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：今江陵城，楚船官地，春秋之渚宮。郢城卽子囊遺言所城者。劉昫曰：故楚都之郢城，今江陵縣北十五里紀南城是也。相，息亮翻。</span>是吾抱空質而行不義於天下也。」</span><span class="jiazhu">質，音致。</span>其人曰：<span class="yinhao">「不然，郢中立王，因與其新王市曰：『予我下東國，吾爲王殺太子。<span class="jiazhu">巿，謂相要以利，如巿道也。予，讀曰與。爲，于僞翻。</span>不然，將與三國共立之。』」</span><span class="jiazhu">三國，謂齊、韓、魏。</span>齊王卒用其相計而歸楚太子。<span class="jiazhu">卒，子恤翻。</span>楚人立之。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p97"><a class="gg-link" href="#p97" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">4</span>秦王聞孟嘗君之賢，使涇陽君爲質於齊以請。孟嘗君來入秦，秦王以爲丞相。<span class="jiazhu">質，音致。</span></p>
<div class="yt" id="y0298"><p class="strong" id="p98"><a class="gg-link" href="#p98" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="section" id="title-26"><span data-head-description="赧王上" data-head-level="h4" data-head-title="十七年">十七年</span></span><span class="biaozhusup" data-rel="">（癸亥、前二九八年）</span></p></div>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p99"><a class="gg-link" href="#p99" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">1</span>或謂秦王曰：<span class="yinhao">「孟嘗君相秦，必先齊而後秦；<span class="jiazhu">先、後，皆去聲。</span>秦其危哉！」</span>秦王乃以樓緩爲相，囚孟嘗君，欲殺之。孟嘗君使人求解於秦王幸姬，姬曰：<span class="yinhao">「願得君狐白裘。」</span><span class="jiazhu">狐白裘，緝狐掖之皮爲之，所謂千金之裘非一狐之掖者也。</span>孟嘗君有狐白裘，已獻之秦王，無以應姬求。客有善爲狗盜者，入秦藏中，<span class="jiazhu">物之所藏曰藏，音徂浪翻。</span>盜狐白裘以獻姬。姬乃爲之言於王而遣之。<span class="jiazhu">爲，于僞翻。</span>王後悔，使追之。孟嘗君至關，關法，雞鳴而出客，時尙蚤，<span class="jiazhu">蚤，古早字通。</span>追者將至，客有善爲雞鳴者，野雞聞之皆鳴，孟嘗君乃得脫歸。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p100"><a class="gg-link" href="#p100" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">2</span>楚人告于秦曰：<span class="yinhao">「賴社稷神靈，國有王矣！」</span>秦王怒，發兵出武關擊楚，斬首五萬，取十六城。</p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p101"><a class="gg-link" href="#p101" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a><span class="yinwen">3</span>趙王封其弟<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「弟」下有「勝」字；乙十一行本同。〕</span>爲平原君。<span class="jiazhu">班<span class="shu-ming">志</span>，平原縣屬平原郡。勝封於東武城，號平原君，非封於平原也。東武城屬清河郡，杜佑曰：今貝州武城縣是也。蓋定襄有武城，時同屬趙，故此加<span class="yinhao">「東」</span>也。</span>平原君好士，<span class="jiazhu">好，呼到翻。</span>食客嘗<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「嘗」作「常」；乙十一行本同。〕</span>數千人。有公孫龍者，善爲堅白同異之辯，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">漢書·藝文志</span>：<span class="shu-ming">公孫龍子</span>十四篇。<span class="shu-ming">註</span>云：卽爲堅白同異之辯者。成玄英<span class="shu-ming">莊子疏</span>云：公孫龍著<span class="shu-ming">守白論</span>，行於世。堅白，卽守白也，言堅執其說，如墨子墨守之義。自堅白之論起，辯者互執是非，不勝異說。公孫龍能合衆異而爲同，故謂之同異。<span class="shu-ming">史記註</span>曰：<span class="shu-ming">晉太康地記</span>云：汝南西平縣有龍淵，水可用淬刀劍，極堅利，故有堅白之論云：黃，所以爲堅也；白，所以爲利也。或曰：黃所以爲不堅，白所以爲不利。二說未知孰是。勝，音升。淬，取內翻。</span>平原君客之。孔穿自魯適趙，<span class="jiazhu">按<span class="shu-ming">孔叢子</span>，孔穿，孔子之後。孫愐曰：孔姓，殷湯之後，本自帝嚳元𡚱簡狄，吞乙卵生契，賜姓子氏；至湯，以其祖感乙而生，故名履，字天乙；後代以<span class="yinhao">「子」</span>加<span class="yinhao">「乙」</span>，始爲孔氏。至宋孔父遭華督之難，其子奔魯，故孔子生於魯。愐，彌兗翻。嚳，苦沃翻。華，戶化翻。難，乃旦翻。</span>與公孫龍論臧三耳，<span class="jiazhu">三耳，如<span class="shu-ming">莊子</span>所載雞三足之說。<span class="shu-ming">莊子疏</span>謂數起於一，一與一爲二，二與一爲三，三名雖立，實無定體，故雞可以爲三足，則兩耳、三耳，其說亦猶是耳。一說：耳主聽，兩耳，形也，兼聽而言，可得爲三。臧，臧獲之臧。臧獲，奴婢也。</span>龍甚辯析。<span class="jiazhu">辯，別也；析，分也；言分別甚精微也。</span>子高弗應，俄而辭出，明日復見平原君。<span class="jiazhu">子高，孔穿字也。復，扶又翻。</span>平原君曰：<span class="yinhao">「疇昔公孫之言信辯也，<span class="jiazhu">毛晃曰：疇，曩也；昔，夕也；疇昔，曩夕也。</span>先生以爲何如？」</span>對曰：<span class="yinhao">「然。幾能令臧三耳矣。<span class="jiazhu">毛晃曰：然，如也，是也，語決辭。幾，居依翻。令，使也，音力丁翻。</span>雖然，實難！僕願得又問於君：今謂三耳甚難而實非也，謂兩耳甚易而實是也，不知君將從易而是者乎，其亦從難而非者乎？」</span>平原君無以應。明日，謂公孫龍曰：<span class="yinhao">「公無復與孔子高辯事也！<span class="jiazhu">易，弋豉翻。</span>其人理勝於辭；公辭勝於理，終必受詘。」</span></p>
<p class="em2 strong" id="p102"><a class="gg-link" href="#p102" onclick="return changeColor(this);"></a>鄒衍過趙，<span class="jiazhu">過，古禾翻。</span>平原君使與公孫龍論白馬非馬之說。<span class="jiazhu">此亦<span class="shu-ming">莊子</span>所謂狗非犬之說。<span class="shu-ming">疏</span>云：狗之與犬，一實兩名：名實合，則此爲狗，彼爲犬；名實離，則狗異於犬。又<span class="shu-ming">墨子</span>曰：狗，犬也。然［殺］狗非狗［殺］犬也。大指與白馬非馬之說同。</span>鄒子曰：<span class="yinhao">「不可。夫辯者，別殊類使不相害，序異端使不相亂。抒意通指，<span class="jiazhu">夫，音扶。別，彼列翻。<span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>曰：抒，音墅，抒者舒也；又常恕翻。康曰：亦音舒。</span>明其所謂，使人與知焉，不務相迷也。<span class="jiazhu">與，音如字；又讀曰預。</span>故勝者不失其所守，不勝者得其所求。<span class="jiazhu">辯以求是，辯雖不勝而得審其是，所謂得其所求也。</span>若是，故辯可爲也。及至煩文以相假，飾辭以相惇，<span class="jiazhu">惇，都昆翻，迫也，詆也，誰何也。</span>巧譬以相移，引人使不得及其意，如此害大道。夫繳紉<span class="jiaozhusup">〔章：十二行本「紉」作「紛」；乙十一行本同；孔本同；熊校同。〕</span>爭言而競後息，<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">索隱</span>：繳，音糾；康吉弔切，非。言其言戾，紛然而爭，欲人先屈，務在人後方止也。</span>不能無害君子，衍不爲也。」</span>座皆稱善。<span class="jiazhu">言一座之人皆稱衍言爲善。</span>公孫龍由是遂詘。<span class="jiazhu"><span class="shu-ming">通鑑</span>書此，言小辯終不足破大道。絀，音敕律翻。<span class="shu-ming">說文</span>曰：絀，貶下也。又讀與屈同。</span></p>
</div></body></html>
